Saturday, July 4, 2009

Lensatic Compass & Components

A Lensatic Compass is still primary function of taking accurate bearings for land navigation. The military use the functions of this compass to help direct Artillery & Mortar fire due to it accurate bearings though it sighting wires.

There three major components on a Lensatic Compass:

The Cover: Protects the compass rose dial. It contains the compass sighting wires and luminous sighting dots for night-time navigation.

The Base: Is where all movable parts of the compass reside. The floating dial rotates indicating direction each time the compass maintains a level position.

On the floating dial there are the Bearing figures on the edge of the dial depict the directions east (E) and west (W). Within the center lies the directional arrow. This always points in the direction of north (N). East falls at 90° and west at 270°. There are also two scales. The outer scale denotes miles and the inner scale denotes degrees. The inner scale indicator is in red color.

A bezel ring is also inside the compass base. This ratchet device will turn 120 clicks on a full rotation. Each individual click represents 3°. A short incandescent line works with the north-directional arrow in navigation.
This line lies in the glass face of the bezel ring. The floating dial contains a fixed black index line as well. The final component of the base is a thumb loop. This simply attaches to the base as a handling mechanism.

The Lens: This is what reads the floating dial. A rear-sight slot works with the front sight wires in the cover helps with Navigation and to locate objects.
In addition, this slot protects the compass when in the closed position. This works by a lock and clamp system. The rear-sight mechanism must remain open at a minimum of 45° in order for the compass floating dial to work.

This is the compass I use as I think it is a more accurate and it gives you more information like miles and degrees on the same compass. It looks like a harder compass to learn but most people, I know use this compass as it is more fun to use.

Targhee National Forest Will Amplify Your Senses

How will Targhee National Forest amplify your senses? If you are used to vacationing in popular areas where there are too many people, you will quickly understand how.

You may be used to seeing blinding neon lights and headlights, smelling car exhaust and stagnant air, hearing discordant music competing with loud, obnoxious, riotous people, all of which are purposefully meant to disorient, distract, and desensitize you to your surroundings, shutting down your senses due to overload, preventing you from experiencing anything with joy or clarity.

What if you could explore an area where your mind explodes from the sheer delight of everything that you experience? Like the overwhelming smell of pine sap mingled with damp moss. Or, your ears thrum from hearing a gazillion bird songs mingling together, competing with the breeze that make the aspen's leaves rattle together. Or, the feel of a cool wind that is perfectly touched with moisture, refreshing you. Or being able to actually see more stars than the sky can hold because they aren't competing with the city's lights?

I know there are grunches of locations on the planet where you can enjoy such sensations, but I am awed by the splendor of Targhee National Forest in Idaho, neighbor to Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.

As an Idahoan by birth and living in the southeast part of the state, West Yellowstone was always tantalizingly accessible. As Yellowstone grew in popularity and crowds increased, I longed for a place that offered more intimacy to its surroundings and escape the commercialism that is consummate with crowds.

In all its subtlety and grandeur, Targhee National Forest, often overshadowed by Island Park's renown, became the escape that would remove me from the populous and immerse me into pristine wilderness.

What is the easiest way to get to Targhee National Forest, and by far the most beautiful route? Instead of traveling Highway 20 North from Ashton to Island Park, take a right into Ashton and follow Highway 47, the Mesa Falls Scenic Byway. This scenic loop takes travelers through vast meadows and farm fields, emerging them into canyons where rivers escape, and introduces them to the western edge of Targhee National Forest.

There are some notable highlights you shouldn't miss when exploring Targhee National Forest. I will attempt to list a few. Six miles northeast of Ashton, you will pass a sign indicating Cave Falls 19 miles to the east. Only venture here when summer is well under way. It is often snowed in until June and the road is mostly dirt and gravel. However, this area is a great home base to camp rustically, get off the beaten trail, and explore Targhee National Forest in depth.

One popular question most sportsman have is where can you fish at Targhee National Forest? You will pass clear rivers and creeks from where you can fish. The fishing guidelines that apply to Henry's Fork apply to all the rivers and creeks in this area. A popular location for families with youngsters is to fish off the bridge where Warm River and Robinson Creek meet. Anywhere along these creeks and adjoining rivers is a great place to fish for various types of trout.

Targhee National Forest is a quiet haven for recreationalists of all kinds. If you have motorized means of transportation aside from your vehicles, and are itching to find a trail to bust out on, you can park at the Bear Gulch Trailhead (1 mile north of Warm River, on the west side of the road). Bear Gulch has a large parking area, ideal if you are hauling a trailer full of ATVs. It is a great stopping point if you want to hike around the area. It offers picnic tables and restrooms as well.

At the north end of the Bear Gulch parking lot, you will notice a little trail that tunnels under the highway. Follow this trail for 1/4th of a mile, and you will come to the Rail Road Tunnel. Though the tunnel is blocked due to a collapse a few years ago, you can continue on the trail around the tunnel, heading north. This stretch of trail allows use of dirt bikes, four wheelers of modest size, mountain bikes, or you can just hike the 38 mile long Rail Road Trail and dive deeper into Targhee National Forest.

However, if you park at Bear Gulch and want to loop back south to the Warm River Campground, no motorized transportation is allowed (a gate at the end prevents you from entering the campground should you choose to break this rule). Once you get your fill of trail riding and trail finding, continue on north for more surprises. Targhee National Forest is most visited because of its Mesa Falls.

You will be delighted to find the less visited Lower Mesa Falls where you can easily find a place to park and walk a short distance to the handicap accessible overlook. You will be surprised at how far up the mountain you have traveled as you peer down towards the falls. Bring binoculars or a camera with a zoom feature as this will give you a great detailed perspective of the rushing water and the canyon below.

Up river towards the summit is the acclaimed but little known Upper Mesa Falls. It was once a treacherous place to visit because the steep hillside sloped precariously down to the river and falls, but now is a safe, enjoyable place to get a great view of the falls. A complete boardwalk with several overlooks helps photographers and tourists alike get a fabulous perspective of the tumbling water, the green canyon walls, and downriver. The entrance fee is $5.00 per vehicle, well worth the safe passage to view the spectacular, untamed falls.

Highway 20 continues on through Targhee National Forest and eventually meets up again onto highway 20. Before you rush to Island Park or to West Yellowstone, take time to explore the dirt roads off the main Highway 47. You will find Warm River Springs, where Warm River originates, and many other sites that will surprise you, help you feel a little victorious for discovering these hidden sites, and help you escape the crowds found further north.

For insider secrets of the trade, and to discover firsthand how to save bundles of cash when you are traveling, click on the link below to grab your free report and I will show you how to make that happen.

Matthew Hales,
International Travel Expert

http://www.TravelTopside.com



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Walking and Cooking in the Tuscan Hills

For breathtaking walks in the Tuscany region head to the historic centre of San Marcello. History buffs will enjoy strolling through the town's historic centre, which contains buildings such as the Consortium T'Delizia and The Observatory from where it is possible to view the star-clad skies of the region. Another important monument that you may want to visit on your walks in Italy is the Mammiano Suspension Bridge. Brave walkers may even wish to attempt to cross the rope clad bridge, which joins the two banks of the Lima River.

The Lima River is bordered by verdant woods, which offer a number of opportunities for tourists on their walking holidays in Italy. It is not only possible to spend a day horse-riding or mountain-biking in the thick forest, but you can also arrange excursions kayaking and even paragliding in this area.

Located nearby to San Marcello is the scenic town of Gavinana, a popular spot for walks in Italy. The town is the site of a former 16th century fortified castle and still retains much of its medieval architecture. On your walking holiday in Italy spend a day exploring this town, which has an equestrian monument in memory of its local hero Francesco Ferrucci, at its very centre.

All this walking is bound to make you hungry so head back to your hotel in order to learn some Tuscany cooking skills that you will astound your friends with at your next dinner party. Tuscan cookery is typically very home orientated with many casserole based dishes containing cannellini and borlotti beans all, of course, with a generous splash of olive oil. Roast suckling pig and wild boar are also two typical Tuscan dishes that you may find yourself cooking whilst on your walking holiday in Italy. The Tuscan chefs are particularly passionate about the food which they cook and will happily give you hints and make sure that you cook the best possible dish on your walking holiday in Italy.

Walking in Italy's cultural capital of Florence is a great way to burn off the calories, so spend the next day on your walking holiday in Italy visiting the many art galleries and monuments of the region. Unmissable is the Accademia which houses Michelangelo's David and the Uffizi Gallery containing works by Botticelli and other giants of the Italian Renaissance. It is possible to spend a whole day in Italy's premier art gallery, but the city has many incredible sights to visit including the Duomo (Cathedral) and the Ponte Vecchio.

You'll need to take a great wine home in order to complement the Tuscan cookery skills that you have picked on your walking holiday in Italy. So before the end of your holiday head into the Chianti region between Florence and Siena and spend a day sampling the local produce. After all you don't want to spoil all the effort you've made on your Tuscan dinner party by offering your guests cheap wine.

Some Things to Think About If You Plan to Cycle in Europe on Your Next Vacation

The first thing you should ask yourself is how badly you need to use your own bike? There are business all over Europe that will rent you whatever kind of bicycle you want! This means you won't have to travel with your bike. Personally, I can't imagine taking my bike overseas. Assuming your bike makes it to Europe in one piece, you are going to have a hard time finding a rental car company that will rent you a car with a bike rack. Because the car rental suppliers usually won't have a rack, you will be forced to rent a larger vehicle, which is going to cost you. The difference you would pay for a van is usually more than the cost of a couple bicycle rentals, so keep this in mind when planning your trip.

Another thing to think about is where you want to go. If you are interested in biking in England, but you don't know where, do research! There are a plethora of cycle clubs all over the Europe, and they are always looking for people to join them!

Lastly, make sure you know the rules of the road. This may seem like common sense, but the rules can change quite drastically depending on what country you are in. There are no exceptions for not knowing proper safety protocol.

Whether you're trail riding in the Black Forrest, or racing through the French wine country, cycling can be a wonderful way to see the country side on your next European vacation.

Top Five Tips to Avoid Deer Tick Bites That Can Cause Lyme Disease

It's spring in New England and New York, the leaves are finally out, the songbirds are back, people are out walking in the mornings and the garden shops and farmer's markets are open again. But along with the beauty of spring comes a danger that keeps many people from walking the trails, and should give others pause. Deer ticks, the common carrier of borrelia bacteria which causes Lyme disease, abound in May and June in the Northeast, and now is the most common time for bites from infected nymph stage ticks because of their small size. I once had Lyme disease, which took nearly a year to recover from. I consider myself lucky not to have ongoing symptoms like my neighbor suffers with. Every time I step outside I consider the risk of getting a tick bite. But it doesn't stop me from going out, it just makes me more cautious, and has inspired me to try out different methods for prevention.

Prevention is the best method. Here are my top five tips to prevent deer tick bites, based on what has worked for me. The vigilant use of these methods seems to have effectively eliminated tick bites for myself and my family.

1) Garlic. I take garlic in the morning during tick season. I even use a powdered form for my horse and the number of ticks I find on him has decreased significantly. I used to find several ticks per day, and now I find several per week. For me, I find that fresh garlic works best. I make a dressing in the morning out of yogurt, lemon juice, 1 clove fresh garlic and salt, and put it on my scrambled eggs. If I have to meet with clients in the morning and am worried about the garlic smell, I take Kyolic aged garlic capsules instead. I also read once that garlic breath is caused by 'missing' some of the garlic when you brush, so after eating it I floss, brush and use a tongue scraper to get the smell out.

2) Cats and Dogs. Studies show pet owners are more at risk for tick bites and contracting infectious tick borne diseases. As soon as my cat comes back with his first tick of the spring, I move him outdoors, since he is extremely unhappy being locked indoors all summer. I know it sounds a bit harsh, but I can't risk my family's health for my cat's comfort. I have a vestibule where he can come in for shelter from the wind and rain, and I put food and water out and a bed. I have not found any full-proof way of keeping ticks off of him. Even the harsh chemicals that keep ticks from actually biting him, don't stop him from carrying a tick on the end of his hair and dropping it in the house.

3) Use the Dryer: When I come back from a walk, I strip and put my clothes immediately into the dryer on high heat for a full cycle. Studies have shown that ticks can survive washing but that high heat drying will kill them. While this is definitely not a eco-friendly choice, I haven't yet found an alternative.

4) Repellents: During tick season I use a combination of various products. I am very concerned about the adverse health effects of using DEET or other chemically-based repellents, so have been experimenting with alternatives to find the most effective. If I will be headed outdoors for the day, I use soybean oil after my morning shower as an allover body moisturizer that also helps deter insect bites. Certain essential oils are very effective against ticks and studies show that catnip, rose geranium, and lemon eucalyptus oil are very effective against both ticks and mosquitoes. I sometimes make my own formulas, but since last fall have started using Buzz Away Extreme, which has worked well. Just be aware that while it repels mosquitoes for up to 8 hours, it needs to be reapplied after 2.5 hours for ticks. If headed into the deep woods, I will also spray my shoes, socks, pant legs, hat and hair.

5) Guinea hens. Guinea hens are the best thing I've found for keeping our yard clear of ticks. I know everyone can't do this, so I've listed it last. If you live in a rural area, get guinea hens. Since our hens grew up, our tick population has decreased significantly. Our hens roam free, eat ticks and other insects all day, and take care of themselves. The drawback is that they are a bit noisy, so don't get them if you aren't used to the sounds of farm animals.

In addition you should do a thorough tick check every night. Check behind ears, back of head and neck, armpits and groin area. Set up a full length mirror in the bathroom, provide bright lighting and check your backside.

Captivating Journeys Are What Luxury Trains in India Offer

Luxury trains in India take tourism to the next level. After all, guests coming from all the over world can surely take delight in exploring the country from an altogether new perspective. The various trains in this genre take guests on pleasure holiday, across the various destinations. While some of them have been designed to take guests across north India, some others take guests on a luxury sojourn across the southern part of the country. One of the options that come to mind at the very mention of a luxury train journey in India is that of the Golden Chariot. Not just the name, it actually is a golden chariot that carries its passengers on a trail across the heritages sites of the place, seated atop a luxury chair.

The heritage sites of South India are very different to those found in the other parts of the country. Mostly belonging to the medieval era, these destinations enable one to comprehend the societies and ways of living of the people of those times. These places take one across a fascinating journey and almost transform one to that era. Yes! Some of the most spectacular destinations of Karnataka including Hampi and Bangalore can also be explored onboard this train. However, what is the highlight of this trip is perhaps the blend, the mix of ideas and tastes that have been incorporated in a single journey of this luxury train in India.

With this article let us talk about the essence of all the 3 distinct trips, aboard the Golden Chariot.

Well, firstly the train is a joint venture of the Ministry of Railways and the State Government of Karnataka. Therefore utmost importance has been given to the overall package of the tour, thereby giving equal weight age to the tastes of the heritage, culture, history as well as wildlife lovers. Therefore where on one hand the trips take one across Bangalore and Mysore (heritage sites), it also takes one through the alleys of Kabini and Bandipur (wildlife sites) and also through Hassan and Hampi (culture sites). Moreover, it also takes one to Goa - the Paradise of India, especially for guests looking forward to beach holidays.

Secondly, the 3 trips have been designed in a way to enable guests to explore the first and the last junction of the tour, in a better manner. Therefore while 2 trips begin in Bangalore, one of them begins and ends in Goa. In this way guests can comfortably stay behind in these places and discover the facets that were left behind as a part of the itinerary of the luxury train. Or better still gauge the spirit of the place before embarking on the luxury journey.

Thirdly and importantly, the Golden Chariot offers guests - dining, conferencing as well as recreational facilities in order to offer them a complete package. No wonder, it is increasingly becoming one of the most fondly opted for luxury trains in India

Backpacking Water Filters - Keep Hydrated

A good backpacking water filter will help ensure that you have a safe wilderness excursion and protect you from parasites, bacteria and possibly even viruses. A wilderness expert would tell you never to drink untreated water no matter where it's coming from. Many times beautiful mountain water or clear streams are contaminated with dead animals or other pollutants and can cause you to become very ill. There are two different options for treating your water... a water filter, or iodine.

Most typical backpacking water filters will treat about a quart of water per minute. In the beginning they are very effective, however the more they are used, the more sediment will clog the filters. It is important to bring back-up filters with you to ensure that they are continually working at their best. It is also a good thing to look for a water filter that contains a pre-filter. This pre-filter is used to remove larger floating particles and will extend the life of your filter. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions to make sure you are using the filter properly and that it is working efficiently.

If you don't want to carry along filters, another option for treating the water is iodine tablets or crystals. The advantage of these is that they take up practically no room in your backpack and they are extremely light weight. Though they are convenient and easy to use, many wilderness experts question how well they work to eliminate the dangers of parasites. Again be sure to follow the treatment instructions on the bottle if you choose to use the iodine.

Some of the top rated backpack water filters that you may want to explore are:

• Crystal Quest Mfg. Water Filters

• MSR Miniworks

• Exstream MacKenzie

• Katadyn Guide

• Katadyn Hiker

• McNett Aqua Mira

Backpacking water filers are essential for any wilderness excursion where bringing bottled water is not an option. Read reviews and watch for durability, price, filter replacement and effectiveness. The bottom line is to make sure you are protected and that your backpack is not too much heavier. Shop and compare online and find the best filter that will fit your needs.